blogspot!!!

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i'll be back 4 blogging after jan 26!!!!!

party again!!!!!!!!!!!

akucukachumichugus

haiiiiii..lameee tak jumpeee!!!!!!!

hai smua...wahaahaaa...lama aku x layan blog nie...hmmm da takat 2 bln rasa aku..huhuhuhu.....da basi ..penuh ngn spider net...mungkin aku sibuk,malas,kehilangan idea, kemurungn,depression atau laen2 sebab yg aku pon x pasti punca nyer......x kesah la...so mungkin aku akan berbloging lg atau tak...arap smua tunggu ye...bye!




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leptospirosis

BUKIT MERTAJAM: A 21-year-old Myanmar illegal immigrant from the Juru Detention Camp died of leptospirosis in Bukit Mertajam Hospital...............


Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis adalah penyakit yang jarang berlaku. Satu penyakit yang tenat/teruk dan boleh
berjangkit. Jangkitan berlaku disebabkan oleh beberapa spesies dari keturunan leptospira
berbentuk lingkaran (spiral shape).

Leptospirosis terjadi disebabkan oleh pendedahan kepada kuman yang terdapat di dalam air
yang tercemar dengan kencing binatang. Biasanya terjadi di negara beriklim panas.


Faktor risiko termasuklah:

• Melakukan pekerjaan yang terdedah kepada panas- Petani, penternak/peladang,
pekerja rumah penyembelihan, doktor haiwan, pemotong kayu, pekerja sistem
pembentungan, pesawah dan anggota tentera.

• Aktiviti rekreasi dalam air seperti berenang , berkayak dan berbasikal di laluan denai
di kawasan panas.

• Terdedah kepada peralatan di rumah termasuk, binatang peliharaan seperti anjing,
binatang peliharaan untuk disembelih, ruang perangkap air dan mengambil makanan
yang telah digigit oleh binatang seperti tikus, tupai dan arnab.



Tanda dan Gejala
1. Masa pengeraman di antara 2 hingga 26 hari (anggaran 10 hari).

2. Bermula dengan demam, menggigil, sakit anggota tubuh dan sakit kepala. Gejala ini
melibatkan lebih kurang 75% hingga 100% pesakit.

3. Batuk tidak berkahak (25%-35% kes)

4. Loya, muntah dan cirit-birit ( 50 kes) Sakit sendi, sakit tulang, sakit tekak dan sakit
perut adalah gejala yang kurang berlaku.

5. Radang selaput mata.

6. Antara 7% hingga 40% pesakit mungkin mengalami sakit otot, pembesaran limpa atau
hati, bengkak salur kelenjar, sakit tekak,kekerasan otot, perubahan bunyi pada paruparu
atau ruam.

Komplikasi

Harapan(Expectations)(prognosis)

Sembuh dalam kebanyakan kes, bagaimanapun kematian boleh berlaku pada kes yang rumit
dan tidak menerima rawatan yang sewajarnya.

Tindakbalas Jarisch-Herxheimer bila diberi penicillin.

Jangkitan kuman di otak (Meningitis).

Perdarahan yang teruk.

Respiratory distress.

Kegagalan fungsi hati.

Kegagalan fungsi buah pinggang.

meningitis

akucukachumichugus

History Meningitis may have been described in the Middle Ages, but it was first accurately identified by the Swiss Vieusseux (a scientific-literary association) during an outbreak in Geneva, Switzerland in 1805. In the 19th century, meningitis was a scourge of the Japanese imperial family, playing the largest role in the horrendous pre-maturity death rate the family endured.

In the mid-1800s, only the Emperor Kōmei and two of his siblings reached maturity out of fifteen total children surviving birth. Kōmei's son, the Emperor Meiji, was one of two survivors out of Kōmei's six children, including an elder brother of Meiji who would have taken the throne had he lived to maturity. Five of Meiji's 15 children survived, including only his third son, Emperor Taishō, who was feeble-minded, perhaps as a result of having contracted meningitis himself. By Emperor Hirohito's generation the family was receiving modern medical attention.

As the focal point of tradition in Japan, during the Tokugawa Shogunate the family was denied modern "Dutch" medical treatment then in use among the upper caste; despite extensive modernization during the Meiji Restoration the Emperor insisted on traditional medical care for his children.



Meningitis is the inflammation of the protective membranes covering the central nervous system, known collectively as the meninges. It may develop due to a variety of causes, including infective agents, physical injury, cancer, or certain drugs. Meningitis is a serious condition owing to the proximity of the location to the brain and spinal cord. The potential for serious damage to motor control, thought processes, or even death warrants prompt medical attention.

------------------

Causes

Most cases of meningitis are caused by microorganisms, such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites, that spread into the blood and into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Non-infectious causes include cancers, systemic lupus erythematosus and certain drugs. Although the most common cause of meningitis is viral, bacterial meningitis -- Meningococcal meningitis the second most frequent cause -- can be serious and life-threatening. Anyone suspected of having meningitis should have prompt medical evaluation.

Clinical Symptoms

Meningitis usually presents with one or more of the following symptoms.

• High fever, sometimes with chills



• Severe headache



• Nausea or vomiting



• Light sensitivity (photophobia)



• Sound sensitivity



• Neurological signs such as drowsiness or confusion



• Twitching



• Sleepiness



• Opisthotonus



• Irritability



• Sore throat



• Delirium (particularly in children)



• Seizures (occurs in about 20 to 40 percent of patients)



• Nuchal rigidity (stiff neck, occurs in less than 50 percent of cases, but if seen, it is considered pathognomonic)



• Swelling of "soft spot" (in infants)

One large prospective study demonstrated that the classic triad of nuchal rigidity, fever, and mental status change was present in only 44 percent of confirmed cases of community acquired bacterial meningitis. Headache was the most common reported symptom (87 percent) followed by neck stiffness (83 percent).

Nuchal rigidity is typically assessed with the patient lying supine, and both hips and knees flexed. If pain is elicited when the knees are passively extended (Kernig's sign), this indicates nuchal rigidity and meningitis. In infants, forward flexion of the neck may cause involuntary knee and hip flexion (Brudzinski's sign). Although commonly tested, the sensitivity and specificity of Kernig's and Brudzinski's tests are uncertain.

Neck stiffness may prevent the head from bending forwards. If the child can touch the chest with the chin by bending the head forwards the physical sign of neck stiffness is probably not present. Neck stiffness in a child with a fever is a medical emergency.

In "meningococcal" meningitis (i.e. meningitis caused by the bacteria Neisseria meningitidis), a rapidly-spreading petechial rash is typical, and may precede other symptoms. The rash consists of numerous small, irregular purple or red spots on the trunk, lower extremities, mucous membranes, conjunctiva, and occasionally on the palms of hands and soles of feet.

Symptoms in infants under 12 months include high fever, fretfulness, irritability - particularly when handled, difficulty awakening, drowsiness, difficulty feeding, and/or a stiff neck, or bulging fontanelle (soft spot on top of head).

sakit..oh sakit..

akucukachumichugus


fuhhhhhhh.....kecoh tul sejak da dpt detect 2 org warga malaysia dijangkiti virus H1N1 minggu nie....mmg menakutkan smua org....kt kepala otak rasa takut bila dgr berita virus H1N1 nie da selamat sampai menakluk malaysia...smua org awam aku tgk da start pakai topeng cm robotcop da...

kematian disebabkan virus H1N1 makin hari..makin meningkat kt US...bermaharajalela tul askar2 H1N1 nie....bukan 2 jer...aku pun pening sebab tlg pikir kn benda yg x payah aku pikir sebenarnye...benda nye cm mana dalam masa yg sama malaysia da di jajah oleh askar H1N1 dan penyakit lain mcm meningitis,acute pericarditis dan leptospirosis pun sibuk melancarkan serangan..

sama2 bergabung ngn H1N1 menakluki dan memperluaskan jajahan masing2...penyakit mcm acute pericarditis,meningitis dan leptospirosis bkn penyakit baru..bleh dikatakan case nie selalu bleh tgk...selalu jgk membawa kematian...cuma sejak seminggu nie acute pericarditis,meningitis dan leptospirosis da jadi antara penyakit yg paling top selepas H1N1....popular virus2 nie...siap masuk tv....dulu x de pun!....

aku pun x sepopular virus2 nie...virus2 nie plk lebih2 glamernyer sampai ke kaca televisyen..perhhhh....tabik ayam laaa...
ape2 pun yg jd...sama2 la jaga kesihatan...

gempak af@7

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gempak gila stacy punya show......best best best...stacy muncul bru ade rasa sikit kemeriahan konsert af7..Mengalahkn pelajar af7..hehe..jgn maree..

no 1!

akucukachumichugus

hahaaaaa...my honey bee..kihkihkihkihkih...nie masa nurses day dinner kt spital aku...aku pun da lupa ape nk panggiil nie..tp kitaorg kena buat dress dari recycle item utk pertunjukan mlm 2...halamak...sape sangka ..kekreatifan kwn2 ward aku nie sampai dpt no 1!...caya laa...happy!!!!!